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(S)-Timolol maleate CAS NO.: 26921-17-5 CAS NO.26921-17-5
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- Product Details
Keywords
- (S)-Timolol maleate
- (s)-3-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazole monomaleate
- 2-Propanol, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino-3-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy-, (2S)-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) (salt)
Quick Details
- ProName: (S)-Timolol maleate CAS NO.: 26921-17-...
- CasNo: 26921-17-5
- Appearance: Colorless liquid
- Application: Synthetic fragrances
- DeliveryTime: In stock
- PackAge: drum
- Port: China main port
- ProductionCapacity: 10000 Metric Ton/Month
- Purity: 99%
- Storage: Room temperature
- Transportation: By Sea/Air/DHL
- LimitNum: 1 Gram
- first class: 1-10
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Details
| Chemical Properties | White Solid |
| Originator | Blocadren,MSD,UK,1974 |
| Uses | betaadrenergic blocker |
| Uses | Antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class II); antianginal; antiglaucoma agent. |
| Uses | Anti hypertensive, Anti-glaucoma |
| Definition | ChEBI: The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid. |
| Manufacturing Process | Step A: Preparation of 3-tert-Butylamino-2-Oxopropanol - To an aqueous solution of tert-butylamine (1 mol) at ambient temperature, there is added slowly and with vigorous stirring 2 mols bromoacetol. The reaction mixture is allowed to stand at ambient temperature for about 5 hours whereupon it is made basic by the addition of sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture then is extracted with ether, the excess amine is removed from the ethereal solution under reduced pressure and the ether then removed by evaporation to give 3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropanol. Step B: A solution of the 3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropanol in a mixture of pyridine hydrochloride and pyridine is treated with p-toluenesulfonylchloride. The mixture is stirred for 1/2 hour at 25° to 30°C and then poured into cold water. The solution is treated with potassium carbonate and the pyridine evaporated in vacuo at a temperature between 55° and 60°C. The aqueous residue is treated with potassium carbonate and the mixture extracted with methylene chloride. Evaporation of the dried extract provides 1- toluenesulfonyloxy-2-oxo-3-tert-butylaminopropane. Step C: Preparation of 3-Morpholino-4-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-Oxopropoxy)- 1,2,5-Thiadiazole - The 1-toluenesulfonyloxy-2-oxo-3-tert-butylaminopropane, prepared as described in Step B, (11 mols) is added to 0.80 N methanolic sodium methoxide (15 ml) at 0°C. The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at 0° to 5°C, treated with 3-morpholino-4-hydroxy-1,2,5-thiadiazole (4.29 grams) and then refluxed for 16 hours. The solvent is evaporated in vacuo and the residue is treated with excess potassium carbonate to provide 3-morpholino- 4-(3-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole. Step D: Chemical Reduction Preparation of 3-Morpholino-4-(3-tert_x0002_Butylamino-2-Hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-Thiadiazole - The 3-morpholino-4-(3- tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole (0.01 mol) is dissolved in isopropanol (10 ml). To the solution is added sodium borohydride in portions until the initial evolution of heat and gas subsides. The excess sodium borohydride is destroyed by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid until the mixture remains acidic. The precipitate of sodium chloride is removed, ether is added, and the solution is concentrated to crystallization. The solid material is removed by filtration and dried thus providing 3-morpholino-4-(3- tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole, MP 161° to 163°C (as hydrochloride). Alternative Step D: Reduction with a Reductate - Sucrose (1 kg) is dissolved in water (9 liters) in a 20-liter bottle equipped with a gas trap. Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 kg) is made into a paste with water (1 liter) and added to the sucrose solution with stirring. After lively evolution of gas begins (within 1 to 3 hours), 3-morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)- 1,2,5-thiadiazole hydrogen maleate [1.35 mols, prepared by reaction of the 3- morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole with an equimolar quantity of maleic acid in tetrahydrofuran]. The mixture is allowed to stand until fermentation subsides, after which the bottle is kept in a 32°C incubator until all fermentation has ended (in approximately 1 to 3 days). The yeast is filtered off with addition of diatomaceous earth and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness to give S-3-morpholino-4β-tert-butylamino-2- hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole, MP 195° to 198°C (as hydrogen maleate), according to US Patent 3,619,370. Step E: The base may be converted to the maleate by maleic acid |
| Therapeutic Function | Antiarrhythmic, Antiglaucoma |
| Biological Activity | β 1 -adrenergic blocker. |
| Clinical Use | Beta-adrenoceptor blocker: Hypertension Angina Glaucoma Migraine prophylaxis |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Timolol maleate is used primarily to prevent the development of primary glaucoma in the contralateral eye of a dog which has developed primary glaucoma in one eye. It only reduces intraocular pressure 3 – 10 mmHg and, therefore is of minimal usefulness in patients requiring treatment of primary acute congestive glaucoma. Timolol’s mechanism of action: decreases cyclic-AMP synthesis in non-pigmented ciliary epithelium resulting in decreased aqueous humor production. It may also cause slight miosis in dogs and cats. Timolol maleate is rarely used alone but is combined with dorzolamide solution (Cosopt ). Caution is advised with use of Beta blocking agents in cats with concurrent asthma. As timolol maleate is now available in generic form, it is the primary Beta blocker agent now used. |
| Drug interactions | Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect. Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect. Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of myocardial depression and bradycardia; increased risk of bradycardia, myocardial depression and AV block with amiodarone; increased risk of myocardial depression and bradycardia with flecainide. Antidepressants: enhanced hypotensive effect with MAOIs. Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect; increased risk of withdrawal hypertension with clonidine; increased risk of first dose hypotensive effect with post-synaptic alpha-blockers such as prazosin. Antimalarials: increased risk of bradycardia with mefloquine. Antipsychotics: enhanced hypotensive effect with phenothiazines. Calcium-channel blockers: increased risk of bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem; hypotension and heart failure possible with nifedipine and nisoldipine; asystole, severe hypotension and heart failure with verapamil. Cytotoxics: possible increased risk of bradycardia with crizotinib. Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect. Fingolimod: possibly increased risk of bradycardia. Moxisylyte: possible severe postural hypotension. Sympathomimetics: severe hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline and possibly with dobutamine; also response to adrenaline may be reduced. |
| Metabolism | Timolol undergoes significant hepatic metabolism, but first pass metabolism is low. The metabolites are excreted in the urine with some unchanged timolol. |